Choosing between them
Most of these tools can build most of these products. The interesting decision is rarely the language — it is who maintains this down the line, what the reporting has to answer, and how quickly a change can reach production. We put those questions first and let the shortlist fall out of the answers.
The list stays short on purpose
This is the working list, not an aspiration list. A tool earns a place on it by being in production on work we are still responsible for, and it loses that place quietly when it stops being the answer. Nothing is here because it trended. If you want any of it argued against your own project, tell us what you are building.